曹雪芹与小石虎胡同33号

曹雪芹 清代小说家，是我最崇拜的文化名人，因此，也倍加关心他在京城所有的踪迹。这条胡同是我带女儿去寻访的起因，也是这本画册的第一张有系列的拍摄图。1995年9月，女儿在什刹海西侧的大石虎胡同幼儿园入托，这里是一个老宅院，女儿住宿的房子就是一排老式房子。院中有月亮门、石碑遗迹。我查阅资料，发现曹雪芹曾在石虎胡同住过，我便兴奋起来，觉得这个小院和曹雪芹有关，但经进一步查证，曹雪芹住过的石虎胡同在西单，名小石虎胡同。正因此，我才开始带女儿去寻访有关曹雪芹的系列故居。虽然女儿的幼儿园在大石虎胡同，但他旁边的一些地方还是和曹雪芹有关，我至今不知这个小院早先是何人居住，但说不准曹雪芹也来过呢。西单的小石虎胡同33号在清时是右翼宗学府，曹雪芹到西山著书之前曾在这里任差。传说这个小院是北京“四大凶宅”之一，纪晓岚曾描述过这所房子：“袭文达公赐第在宣武门内石虎胡同，文达之前为右翼宗学，宗学之前为吴额驸（吴三桂之子）府，吴额驸之前为前明大学士周延儒第，阅年既久，故不免有时变怪，然不为人害也。厅西小房两楹，曰‘好春轩’，为文达燕见宾客地，北壁一门，横通小屋两极楹，童仆夜宿其中，睡后多为魅出，不知是鬼是狐，故无敢下榻其中者。”曹雪芹先在同一胡同内马齐家任教，后又到宗学府当“邻曲”，遇见郭敏、郭城二兄弟结成诗社，咏诗挥墨，傲岸狂放，高谈雄辩，剪烛快谈，奇谈娓娓。郭城在《寄怀曹雪芹》诗中道：“当时虎门数晨夕，西窗剪烛风雨昏。”曹雪芹也正是在这里开始构思创作他的毕生之作《红楼梦》的。我们可以想象，当年金风乍起，暑气日消，夕事渐长，秋灯有味，他们的夜话是多么大的享受，可恰我们没有聆听的耳福，以致咳唾珠玉，随风散尽！按周汝昌所说：“院里的一株三百年的枣树，应该‘见过’曹雪芹的。”如今女儿面对这棵北京“枣树王”，视而不见，只知上下翻爬。而院外便是西单民族大世界商场，那簇拥的人群更是对这棵古树视而不见，似乎都在向前看。



利玛窦与车公庄大街6号
利玛窦，意大利耶稣会传教士，明万历年间来中国传教，向明神宗献了基督像、圣母像、十字架、圣经、自鸣钟等物，并向中国介绍西方天文、历法、地理和数学知识，曾任在华耶稣会士的领袖，1610年在北京逝世。明神宗诏：“以陪臣礼葬阜成门外二里沟嘉兴观之右。”译著有《几何原本》（与徐光启合译）、《天学实义》等书。有一首写利玛窦的竹枝词这样写道：“天主堂开天籁齐，钟鸣琴响自高低。阜成门外玫瑰发，杯酒还浇利泰西。”墓前晷石勒铭曰：“美日方影，勿尔空过，所见万品，与十并流。”有意思的是利玛窦与其他的一些西方传教士的墓地如今一起保留在北京市委党校院内，成为一种另类的风景。



高星1962年1月出生，现在《中国保险》杂志工作。除了画画、写诗、摄影、还有就是四处行走，有多种个人诗集、散文集出版。艺术追求先锋的姿态，文化偏爱传统的老道，因此近年来又喜欢上了收藏。从1995年起，带女儿寻访京城各处文化名人故居及踪迹，有大量的图片和文字留存，这种纯属个人的行为，只是为了安慰一下无法满足的收藏欲望。照片中的一切似乎可以全部装在我的心里。我身后广渠门大街207号曹雪芹故居的院门已被拆除。


高山流水 1992年9月出生，现在北师大晓月圆小学上学，生性活泼。当过几个月宿舍长，四岁在《诗刊》上发表过儿童诗，八岁时在京丰宾馆剧场表演过舞蹈，喜欢用电脑画画，给小朋友做贺卡，喜欢一边弹着钢琴，一边喝着可口可了。多年来，随父亲走街串巷，不知有多少传统文化的气息置入骨髓，到是由此得出所有的平房全称为“老房子”；所有的文化名人全称为“旧社会的人”的印象。



Cao Xueqin and No. 33 Small Stone Tiger Alley
Cao Xueqin, a novelist in the Qing Dynasty，is the cultural celebrity I
worship most, hence，I have a great interest in all his traces in the capital
city. The alley is the cause of my going there with my daughter in search
of his traces, and is also the first picture in a series in the album.
In September 1995, my daughter entered kindergarten in Big Stone Tiger
Alley on the west side of Shichahai. It is an old messuage and my daughter's
lodging is a row of old-fashioned houses. There is a moon gate and some
relics of stone monuments in the courtyard. After consulting historical
data, I found Cao Xueqin once lived in Stone Tiger Alley, so I felt very
excited, sensed that the small courtyard has something to do with Cao Xueqin.
However, my further investigation showed that the Stone Tiger Alley where
Cao Xueqin lived was in Xidan, called Small Stone Tiger Alley. That's why
I began to take my daughter to look for the series of former residences
related to Cao Xueqin. My daughter's kindergarten is in Big Stone Tiger
Alley though, the places nearby still have something to do with Cao Xueqin.
Even up to this moment, I still cannot say who lived in this tiny courtyard,
but who can rule out the possibility that Cao Xueqin ever dropped in here?
No.33 Small Stone Tiger Alley in Xidan was the Right Wing Zongxuefu (school),
where Cao Xueqin once worked before he went to the West Mountains to write
his book. It is said that the small courtyard was one of the 'Four Well-known
Haunted Houses' of Beijing. Ji Xiaolan once described this house in the
following words: “Gong Wenda's mansion is in the Stone Tiger Alley inside
the Xuanwu Gate. Before Wenda, it was the Right Wing Zongxue(School); before
the Zongxue, it was the residence of Wu Efu(son of Wu Sangui), and before
Wu Efu, it was the house of Zhou Yanru, a great scholar of the Ming Dynasty.
With such a long history, unavoidably it has something unusual sometimes,
but no harm has been done to people yet. There are two tiny rooms in the
west, called ‘Hao Chun Xuan(Good Spring Rooms)’, where Wenda entertained
his guests; a door through the north wall leads to 2 even smaller rooms
where the child servants slept at night. After they fell asleep, strange
creatures often appeared, no one could tell whether they are ghosts or
foxes, hence, no one dared to put up there.” Cao Xueqin first worked as
a private teacher at Ma Qi's home in the same alley, later went to Zongxuefu
to be a 'Neighbor', where he met with the two brothers, Guo Min and Guo
Cheng, forming a poetry group with them, chanting poems and wielding the
writing brush, defying the authority and arguing with eloquence, snuffing
the candles and conversing freely...In his poem “In Memory of Cao Xueqin”,
Guo Cheng says, “Together we dwelled at Tiger Gate for days，chatting late
into night accompanied by wind and rain.” It is just here that Cao Xueqin
began to conceive his lifetime work, Dream of the Red Chamber. We can imagine,
when the golden wind started, the summer heat had gradually died away,
and the night gradually became longer and longer, the autumn light was
full of taste, what a great enjoyment their night talks must have been!
Unfortunately, we do not have the good luck to listen, and have let the
golden words vanish in the air! According to Mr. Zhou Ruchang, “The 300-years-old
jujube tree in the yard should have ‘seen' Cao Xueqin.” Now my daughter
just turns a blind eye to the “King of Jujube Trees” of Beijing，only climbing
up and down the wall for playing. Outside is the “Nation's Great World”
emporia，and the crowding people there give no notice to the ancient tree,
either, seeming just to be looking ahead.



Matteo Ricci and No.6 Chegongzhuang Avenue
Matteo Ricci, a missionary of the Italian Society of Jesus, came to China
to evangelize during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. He offered the
icon of Christ, the icon of Madonna, a cross, a Bible, a chime clock and
so on to Shenzong Emperor, and introduced Western astronomy, calendar system,
geography and mathematics, etc. to China. He was once the leader of the
China-based Society of Jesus, and passed away in Beijing in 1610.The imperial
edict of Shenzong Emperor says：'He should be interred in the status of
a vassal, on the right of Jiaxing Temple, Erligou, outside Fucheng Gate.'
His translated works include Original Text of Geometry （a collaboration
with Xu Guangqi）, True Meaning of Uranology, etc. There is a bamboo branch
ci (a kind of Chinese poetry)about Matteo Ricci, saying：“Around the Catholic
church are lingering all sounds of nature，with the chime and the qin ringing
melodiously. Outside Fucheng Gate are in blossom the roses，with wine being
splashed for Master Ricci.” The stone carved epigraph before the grave
says: “The beautiful sun flies past with a square simulacrum, and this
person's virtue is among the top ten in all things on earth.” Interesting
enough, the cemetery of Matteo Ricci and those of some other Western missionaries
are kept together inside the Party School of Beijing Committee of the Communist
Party, which has constituted a unique scene.



Gao Xing, born in January 1962, now I work with the periodical, China Insurance.
In addition to painting, poetry and photography, my major activity is going
around everywhere. Now I have got several personal anthologies and collections
of prose works published. In art, I take a vanward attitude, but in culture,
I prefer a conventional way, thus, I have begun to take a liking for collection
in recent years. Since 1995, I have been taking my daughter to visit the
former residences of the cultural celebrities scattered in the capital,
accumulating a lot of pictures and verbal descriptions, which, as a pure
personal behavior, is only for soothing my insatiable desire to collect.
It seems that everything in the pictures can be loaded into my heart. The
gate of the former residence of Cao Xueqin at No. 207 Guangqumen Avenue
behind me has been pulled down.

Gaoshan Liushui, born in September 1992, now at Xiaoyueyuan Primary School
attached to Beijing Normal University, with an innate lively character.
Have the experience of being a dormitory head for several months, published
my child poem in Journal of Poetry at the age of four, and performed a
dance at Jingfeng Theatre at the age of eight. I like drawing pictures
and making greeting cards using the computer, and enjoy drinking coca cola
while playing the piano. For years, I have been following my dad through
streets and alleys. Who knows how much traditional cultural flavor has
gone deep into my marrow? Even to such an extent that I call all one-story
houses “old houses”, and call all cultural celebrities “people from the
old society”.

（由刘光）

来源 http://www.translator.com.cn/content/garden/garden.asp?kind=AJ